Hot-air furnace



(No Model.) sheath-sheet 1.

D. s. RICHARDS-0N. HOT AIRPURNAGE. No. 4170.446.'` Patented MaJrLB, 1892.

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D; s. RICHARDSUN."

2. Sheets-Sheen 2j.

17 Paf/5:97566. ZZz'cnmwm Patented Mar. 8, 1892.

(N9 Model.)

HOT AIR FURNAGB. No. 470,446.

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HOT-AIR FU RNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 470,446, dated March 8, 1892.

Application tiled January 6, 1891. Serial No. 376,877- (llo model.)

To @ZZ whom may concern:

Be it known that I, DWIGHT S. RICHARD` SON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident in the city of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, in the State of New York, have invented a new and usefulHot-Air Furnace, of which the following is a description.

The object of the invention is to provide a low-down furnace-that is to say, a furnace which is adapted to basements of inconsiderable heigl1t-which,while quick and effective in its heating action, shall nevertheless thoroughly utilize theheat derived from the burning fuel.

Itis well known that the basement-stories of many houses are so low that if a furnace in which the heatingdrum surrnounts the combustion-chamber be employed therein the inclination of the hot-air pipes Will necessarily be so slight that the movement of air therethrough will be sluggish and the delivery thereof to the apartments will be insufficient and unsatisfactory. To obviate this difficulty, furnaces have in some instances been made in which the heating-drum or radiator has been located behind the furnace proper; but these have not generally' been found acceptable, mainly because in most cases the escape of products of combustion through the drum has been slow, and the quantity of heat delivered to the rooms has consequently been inadequate. To remove the objection commonly found to exist inthis class of furnaces, I have devised a heatingdrum of such construction that, although located in the same 'horizontal plane as the combustion-chamber, the products of combustion in their passage therethrough shall so act upon the parts as to produce and continuously sustain a rapid movement from the combustion-chamber to their point of discharge from the drum.

The invention consists in the novel combinations of parts involved in the construction thus generally indicated, as will first be particularly described, and then specifically indicated in the concluding paragraphs of this specication.

In the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of this specic description, Figure .l represents a vertical longitudinal eenn tral section of the furnace, its radiator, .air-

`seen in plan in Fig. 2.

casing, and exit-pipe as in the line w w in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a horizontal plan, the section being in the line a in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of a modified construction, the plane being as in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detail perspective elevation showin the smoke-inlet opening of the radiator. Fig. 51s a detail, partly in elevation and partlyin vertical section, showing the means by which the combustion-chamber and the radiator are locked together. Fig. 6 is a detail horizontal section as in the liney y in Fig. 5.

In Figs. l, 2, and 3, A designates the furnace proper, B the-heating drum or radiator, and O the air-casing.

For the purposes of this invention the ashpit d, the fire-pot a', and the combustion-ch amber a2 may be of ordinary construction, and a controllable dust-flue as, leading from the ashpit to the feed-chute d4 or other point in d1-` reet communication with the combustionehamber, may be provided, as is common. Behind or at one side of the fire-pot and its combustion-chamber and above the plane of the ash-pit and supported upon any suitable leg or legs bs is the detachable radiator B, which in vertical extent is equal or about equal to that of the fire-pot and the combustion-chamber combined and which is of any suitable diameter. As will be seen, it is composed, essentially, of a circular drum or cylinder b, a bottom plat-e b', and a top plate b2. The top and bottom vplates have openings, in which are fitted the air-pipes b3 and b4, which are Opposite the inletopening from thecombustion-chamber and extending across or nearly across the same at a lshort distance therefrom is the vertical flue-plate, deliector, or diaphragm b5, which closes the space between the body of the drum and the body of the air-pipe b3. A similar diaphragm 19'?, coincident With the exit or smokedischarge pipe b, extends across the space between the rear or outer portion of the cylinderand the air-pipe h4.

The casing O, oval in horizontal section, as shown, is provided at its top with the hot-air pipes c', at its sides with air-inlet openings c, and at its rear with openings through which project the smoke-discharge pipe 126 and the clean-out pipe br". Within the sides of the casin g vat a point coincident with the connecting-pipe d, between the combustion-chamber and the radiator, are deiiectors or trenchplates E, extending from the casing inward toward the connecting-pipe d, as shown.

It will be observed that the currents of air introduced through draft-door a5 pass upwardly through the grate and the fire-pot into the combustion-chamber d2, and thence through the connecting-pipe CZ into the radiator or heating-drum B, striking first against the diaphragm d5 and imparting to it and to the airpipe b3 a high degree of heat. Delected by these obstacles the currents pass next to the right and to the rear of the air-pipe b3, then to the front of the drum, where their temperature is increased and their speed accelerated by a second contact with the highly-heated diaphragm b5, and thence passing to the left of the air-pipe ZJ* to the discharge-pipe b, all as indicated bythe feathered arrows in the drawings.

Currents of air to he warmed introduced through openings c in the sides and rear of the casing, near the foot thereof, are directed by the means already described against the most highly-heated portions of the furnace, its radiator, and their connecting-pipe, and, being sufficiently heated, are discharged through the hot-air pipes c', which lead to the various apartments of the building. These currents are designated by unfeathered arrows.

It will be noted that the accelerating plate or diaphragm b5 is heated not only by direct contact of the escaping heat-currents, but by its direct exposure to the intense heat of the perceptible effect upon the circulation of the smoke-currents Within the drum, thus avoiding a defect in construction and in operation which has been common in this class of heaters and has tended to discourage their introduction.

In some basements the relation of the windows to the furnace or other circumstances will make it expedient to employ the construction represented in Fig. 3,-in which the feedchute of the furnace is at a right, angle with its smoke-discharge opening.

The invention having been thus described, what is claimed isl. A hot-air furnace having, in combination, a casing provided with the usual supply and discharge pipes for air, a tire-pot, and combustion-chamber, and a drum located on substantially the same level as the combustion-chamber and provided with horizontal tlues having between them a partition,through which the heat from one portion of thecurrent of products of combustion may be conducted to a succeeding portion of such currents, substantially as set forth.

2. Thedescribed radiator, having the vertically-placed accelerating-diaphragm b5, the vertical air-pipes b3 and b4, and the contiguous zigzag iiue, in which the escaping products encircle the air-pipes in succession, in combination with a hot-air furnace the combustion-chamber of which is substantiallyin horizontal plane with the radiator.

3. The described radiator, having the vertically-placed accelerating-diaphragm b5, the vertical air-pipes b3 and b4, and the contiguous zigzag flue, in which the escaping products, lnoving in a horizontal plane, encircle the airpipes in succession, in combination with the furnace A, having smoke-discharging oponing opposite the accelerating-diaphragm, as

set forth.

DWIGHT S. RICHARDSON. Witnesses: JAMES B. TAYLOR, H. C. KUNsDI, J r. 

